Using Python to Solve the Navier-Stokes Equations - Applications in the Preconditioned Iterative Methods

This article describes a new numerical solver for the Navier-Stokes equations. The proposed solver is written in Python which is a newly developed language. The Python packages are built to solve the Navier-Stokes equations with existing libraries. We have created discretized coefficient matrices from systems of the Navier-Stokes equations by the finite difference method. In addition we focus on the preconditioned Krylov subspace iterative methods in the linearized systems. Numerical results of performances for the Preconditioned iterative methods are demonstrated. The comparison between Python and Matlab is discussed at the end of the paper

Ontological support for the evolution of future services oriented architectures

Services Oriented Architectures (SOA) have emerged as a useful framework for developing interoperable, large-scale systems, typically implemented using the Web Services (WS) standards. However, the maintenance and evolution of SOA systems present many challenges. SmartLife applications are intelligent user-centered systems and a special class of SOA systems that present even greater challenges for a software maintainer. Ontologies and ontological modeling can be used to support the evolution of SOA systems. This paper describes the development of a SOA evolution ontology and its use to develop an ontological model of a SOA system. The ontology is based on a standard SOA ontology. The ontological model can be used to provide semantic and visual support for software maintainers during routine maintenance tasks. We discuss a case study to illustrate this approach, as well as the strengths and limitations

Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in Shanghai, China: An Inter-Regional and International Comparison

Objective: By comparing the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening (UNHS) program as implemented in Shanghai and other regions in China and countries around the world, this study makes an assessment of the Shanghai model and summarizes the experiences implementing the UNHS program, so as to provide a valuable reference for other countries or regions to carry out UNHS more effectively. Since Shanghai is one of the most developed regions in China, we also examined the relationship between economic development and the UNHS starting year and coverage rate. Methods: The study conducted a systematic review of published studies in Chinese and English on the program status of neonatal hearing screening to compare and analyze the implementation of the UNHS program in 20 cities or provinces in China and 24 regions or countries around the world. The literature search in Chinese was conducted in the three most authoritative publication databases, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WANFANGDATA, and CQVIP (http://www.cqvip.com/). We searched all publications in those databases with the keywords “neonatal hearing screening” (in Chinese) between 2005 and 2014. English literature was searched using the same keywords (in English). The publication database included Medline and Web of Science, and the search time period was 2000–2014. Results: Shanghai was one of the first regions in China to implement UNHS, and its coverage rate was among the top regions by international comparison. The starting time of the UNHS program had no relationship with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in the same year. Economic level serves as a threshold for carrying out UNHS but is not a linear contributor to the exact starting time of such a program. The screening coverage rate generally showed a rising trend with the increasing GDP per capita in China, but it had no relationship with the area\u27s GDP per capita in selected regions and countries around the world. The system design of UNHS is the key factor influencing screening coverage. Policy makers, program administrators, and cost-sharing structures are important factors that influence the coverage rates of UNHS. Conclusion: When to carry out a UNHS program is determined by the willingness and preference of the local government, which is influenced by the area\u27s social, political and cultural conditions. Mandatory hearing screening and minimal-cost to no-cost intervention are two pillars for a good coverage rate of UNHS. In terms of system design, decision-making, implementation, funding and the concrete implementation plan are all important factors affecting the implementation of the UNHS

Maintaining SOA systems of the future : how can ontological modeling help?

Many future Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) systems may be pervasive SmartLife applications that provide real-time support for users in everyday tasks and situations. Development of such applications will be challenging, but in this position paper we argue that their ongoing maintenance may be even more so. Ontological modelling of the application may help to ease this burden, but maintainers need to understand a system at many levels, from a broad architectural perspective down to the internals of deployed components. Thus we will need consistent models that span the range of views, from business processes through system architecture to maintainable code. We provide an initial example of such a modelling approach and illustrate its application in a semantic browser to aid in software maintenance tasks

Effects of temperature and carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure, chicken manure and rice straw: focusing on ammonia inhibition.

Anaerobic digestion is a promising alternative to disposal organic waste and co-digestion of mixed organic wastes has recently attracted more interest. This study investigated the effects of temperature and carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure (DM), chicken manure (CM) and rice straw (RS). We found that increased temperature improved the methane potential, but the rate was reduced from mesophilic (30∼40°C) to thermophilic conditions (50∼60°C), due to the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen and free ammonia and the occurrence of ammonia inhibition. Significant ammonia inhibition was observed with a C/N ratio of 15 at 35°C and at a C/N ratio of 20 at 55°C. The increase of C/N ratios reduced the negative effects of ammonia and maximum methane potentials were achieved with C/N ratios of 25 and 30 at 35°C and 55°C, respectively. When temperature increased, an increase was required in the feed C/N ratio, in order to reduce the risk of ammonia inhibition. Our results revealed an interactive effect between temperature and C/N on digestion performance

Preparation and Properties of Magnesium Cement-Based Photocatalytic Materials

Photocatalytic oxidation is a technology developed in recent years for the degradation of indoor air pollutants. In this study, magnesium cement-based photocatalytic material (MPM) was prepared by loading TiO2 photocatalysts onto a SiO2-modified basic magnesium chloride whisker (BMCW) surface, and was subsequently sprayed evenly on the surface of putty powder to form a photocatalytic functional wall coating (PFWC) material. Then, by introducing Ag, visible light photocatalytic functional wall coating (VPFWC) materials were also prepared. The results show that TiO2 and SiO2 form Ti–O–Si bonds on the BMCW surface, and the PFWC presents a promising degradation effect, with a photocatalytic removal rate of 46% for gaseous toluene, under ultraviolet light for 3 h, and an MPM coating concentration of 439 g/m2. This is related to the surface structure of the functional coating, which is formed using putty powder and MPM. The visible light photocatalytic efficiency of the VPFWC increased as the spraying amount of the AgNO3 solution increased, up to 16.62 g/m2, and then decreased with further increasing. The gaseous toluene was degraded by 28% and 73% in 3 h, by the VPFWC, under visible light and ultraviolet light irradiation, respectively. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of the PFWC/VPFWC also showed excellent durability after being reused five times

Preparation and Properties of Magnesium Cement-Based Photocatalytic Materials

Photocatalytic oxidation is a technology developed in recent years for the degradation of indoor air pollutants. In this study, magnesium cement-based photocatalytic material (MPM) was prepared by loading TiO2 photocatalysts onto a SiO2-modified basic magnesium chloride whisker (BMCW) surface, and was subsequently sprayed evenly on the surface of putty powder to form a photocatalytic functional wall coating (PFWC) material. Then, by introducing Ag, visible light photocatalytic functional wall coating (VPFWC) materials were also prepared. The results show that TiO2 and SiO2 form Ti–O–Si bonds on the BMCW surface, and the PFWC presents a promising degradation effect, with a photocatalytic removal rate of 46% for gaseous toluene, under ultraviolet light for 3 h, and an MPM coating concentration of 439 g/m2. This is related to the surface structure of the functional coating, which is formed using putty powder and MPM. The visible light photocatalytic efficiency of the VPFWC increased as the spraying amount of the AgNO3 solution increased, up to 16.62 g/m2, and then decreased with further increasing. The gaseous toluene was degraded by 28% and 73% in 3 h, by the VPFWC, under visible light and ultraviolet light irradiation, respectively. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of the PFWC/VPFWC also showed excellent durability after being reused five times

El control de la marginalidad en la Castilla del Siglo de Oro : el caso de Toledo

<p>Values are presented as the mean ±standard error of three replicates (n = 3). Vertical bars represent LSD at the 5% level.</p

Secondary Formation of Sulfate and Nitrate during a Haze Episode in Megacity Beijing, China

A heavy haze episode that occurred in Beijing from 20 September to 27 September, 2011 was observed to explore the secondary processes of the haze episode. During the haze episode, the relatively stable synoptic conditions and regional transport from polluted areas in the south and southwest of Beijing favored the formation of haze. Significant increases of PM2.5/PM10 ratio was observed during haze period, which implied that the haze was caused by fine particles. Additionally, the presence of secondary inorganic pollutants (SO42-, NO3- and NH4+) sharply increased during the haze episode, which indicated that secondary processes significantly strengthened the haze episode. The sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) sharply increased from a non-haze episode with a highest value of 0.11 to a haze episode with a highest value of 0.62. Low correlations between SOR and O-3 and the temperature were found, whereas a high correlation between SOR and RH was found during the haze episode, which implied that sulfate was mainly produced by the aqueous-phase oxidation of SO2 rather than the gas-phase conversion of SO2 to sulfate in haze episode in Beijing. Furthermore, a fine linear relationship between SOR and the surface area (dS) of particles smaller than 1 mu m confirmed the heterogeneous processes of sulfate formation in haze episode. The nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) also sharply increased from a non-haze episode with a highest value of 0.03 to a haze episode with a highest value of 0.26, which indicated more intense secondary formation of nitrate in haze episode. Nitrate was found to be mainly produced by a homogenous reaction under ammonium-rich conditions. Higher RH in haze episode reduced the thermodynamic equilibrium constant Ke&apos;, and favored the thermodynamic equilibrium reaction of HNO3(g) + NH3(g) &lt;-&gt; NH4NO3(s, aq) to formed nitrate, which might help explain the enhanced homogenous production of nitrate in haze episode. In addition, a good empirical fit (R-2 = 0.70) between NOR and dS was found, which indicated that the particle surface area significantly contributed to the intense homogeneous production of nitrate in haze episode.National Natural Science Foundation of China [41475113, 41175018]; CAS Strategic Priority Research Program [XDB05010500]SCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected],SI2246-22571